The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) allocated approximately **$397 million** to energy storage initiatives in its 2019 fiscal year budget. This funding supported research, development, and deployment (RD&D) of advanced battery technologies, grid-scale storage systems, and next-generation solutions like flow batteries and thermal storage. Key programs under this budget included:

• Energy Storage Grand Challenge: A multi-year initiative to accelerate innovation and maintain U.S. leadership in storage technologies.
• Battery500 Consortium: Aimed at developing lithium-metal batteries with 500 Wh/kg energy density, nearly doubling existing capabilities.
• Long-Duration Storage Shot: Targeting systems capable of 10+ hours of storage at $0.05/kWh by 2030.

The DOE strategically prioritized projects addressing critical challenges such as material scarcity (e.g., cobalt reduction in lithium-ion batteries) and seasonal energy storage needs. While specific line-item allocations for 2019 aren't publicly disaggregated beyond the $397 million figure, this investment aligned with the department's broader strategy to reduce energy storage costs by 90% between 2020 and 2030. For detailed breakdowns, the DOE's FY2019 Congressional Budget Request documents provide additional program-specific funding details.

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